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50 Cents Foreign Exchange Certificate
| Uitgever | Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A. (Bank Pekao S.A.), Warsaw |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1979 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Cotton paper |
| Afmetingen | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Drukker | Log in om details te zien |
| Ontwerper(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Yellow-ochre and brown bon towarowy (commodity voucher) with the Pekao globe logotype at centre. A circular guilloche vignette at right bears the denomination "0,50" with a dollar sign underprint. Red serial number at upper left; issuer details and date at foot in letterpress. |
|---|---|
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | BONY TOWAROWE BANKU POLSKA KASA OPIEKI S.A. NIE PODLEGAJĄ UMORZENIU I W ZAMIAN BONÓW UTRACONYCH NIE WYDAJE SIĘ DOKUMENTÓW ZASTĘPCZYCH 0,50 $ |
| Handtekening(en) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beveiligingstype | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving beveiliging | Log in om details te zien |
| Varianten | Log in om details te zien |
| Opmerkingen |
Bank Pekao's Foreign Exchange Certificates — Bony Towarowe — were not currency in any conventional sense. They were issued to Poles receiving hard currency remittances from abroad, obliging recipients to exchange their dollars or deutschmarks into these certificates rather than hold foreign cash. The certificates could then be spent only at Pewex stores, the state's hard-currency retail chain, where Western goods unavailable to ordinary citizens sat behind glass counters.
The 1979 series was printed domestically by PWPW, an unusual choice given how politically sensitive the program's very existence was — an official acknowledgment that socialist zloty simply could not buy what hard currency could.