45 Khumsiyyah - Saleh 'Ubayd bin 'Abdāt

Al-Ghurfah was a short-lived tribal monetary authority operating out of the Hadhramaut region of what is now Yemen, issuing coinage during the 1920s when the area sat beyond effective Ottoman or British colonial administrative reach. The khumsiyyah denomination — a fifth-riyal unit — reflects the fractional accounting system rooted in the Maria Theresa thaler trade network that dominated Arabian Peninsula commerce for generations.

Saleh 'Ubayd bin 'Abdāt's name appearing on the issue identifies the specific merchant or tribal guarantor backing the coin's silver content, a practice common among Hadhrami commercial houses whose reputation in regional trade circuits often carried more weight than any state authority.