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4000 Reales de Vellón Banco Español de San Fernando
| Issuer | Banco Español de San Fernando |
|---|---|
| Year | 1835 |
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| Currency | Real de vellon (1808-1848) |
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| Obverse description | The note is printed in brown on plain paper, framed by a decorative border composed of repeating guilloche rosette and scroll motifs. Towers and lions in the four corners represent the heraldic emblems of Castile and León, while two allegorical angels flank the upper central vignette of two clasped hands. The body of the note carries the full text of the promise to pay, dated Madrid, 1 February 1835, beneath which three manuscript signatures appear alongside an embossed or ink stamp seal, with a bold warning inscription at the foot reading PENA DE MUERTE AL FALSIFICADOR. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | Rs. Vn. 4,000 BANCO DE S. FERNANDO El Banco Español de Sn. Fernando pagará a presentación al portador, cuatro mil reales de vellon en metalico, desde las diez hasta la una del dia. Madrid, 1º de Febrero de 1835 El Comisario Regio / El Cajero / El director PENA DE MUERTE AL FALSIFICADOR (Translation: Rs. Vn. 4,000 Bank of S. Fernando The Spanish Bank of Sn. Fernando will pay on presentation to the bearer, four thousand reales of billon in cash, from ten to one o'clock. Madrid, February 1, 1835 The Royal Commissioner / The Cashier / The Director Death Penalty to the Forger) |
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| Comments |
The Banco Español de San Fernando was itself a renamed institution — it had been the Banco de San Carlos, founded in 1782 and badly discredited by decades of mismanagement and forced government loans that were never repaid. The 1829 reconstitution under the new name was partly cosmetic, an attempt to restore public confidence in paper instruments that most Spaniards had good reason to distrust.
This 4000 reales denomination is among the highest issued by the bank in this period, implying it moved between institutions and merchants rather than ordinary hands. The reales de vellón unit itself reflects a monetary system already under strain, replaced wholesale when the escudo and later the peseta reforms arrived.