40 Groszy / 20 Kopěek - Nikolai I Warszawa mint

These coins exist because the November Uprising of 1830–31 ended with the Kingdom of Poland stripped of its constitution and absorbed more tightly into the Russian Empire. The dual denomination — Polish groszy alongside Russian kopecks — was a deliberate administrative imposition, forcing monetary integration on a population that had just been militarily subdued. Nicholas I signed the Organic Statute in 1832, and the bilingual coinage followed as policy made metal.

The Warsaw Mint had been producing purely Polish issues before the uprising. After it, the dual-denomination format persisted until 1850, when the kopeck side won entirely.