4 Złote

The 4 Złote was one of several denominations rushed into production in 1794 to fund Kościuszko's insurrection against the partitioning powers. Poland had no functioning central bank — the Dyrekcja Biletów Skarbowych was essentially an emergency fiscal apparatus, created specifically to monetize the uprising. These notes were printed in Warsaw while Russian forces were actively campaigning to suppress the rebellion, which collapsed by November of that year.

Authentication relied entirely on manuscript signature and ink stamp applied at the point of issue — no engraved security work. The majority of surviving examples show heavy use, unsurprising given the insurrection lasted under a year before Warsaw fell to Suvorov.