4 Pfennig - Maximilian I

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背面描述	The numeral IIII in large, bold Roman characters occupies the central field, denoting the face value of four Pfennig. The denomination is enclosed within a wreath of stylized laurel or olive branches, which encircles the entire inner field. The design is simple and utilitarian, consistent with small-denomination emergency or circulation coinage of the early Thirty Years' War period.
背面文字	Latin
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附加信息	These copper 4 Pfennig pieces were emergency small change issued as the Kipper- und Wipperzeit — the "clipping and see-sawing" crisis — reached its most destructive phase across the German states. Unscrupulous mint operators and territorial rulers had systematically debased silver coinage since around 1618, creating a vacuum of trustworthy small denomination currency. Bavaria and dozens of other territories flooded circulation with base-metal substitutes to fill it. Maximilian I had only been elevated to Elector in 1623, so these were struck while he still held ducal title alone — a distinction that matters for establishing the precise political moment of issue.

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