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| 表面の説明 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
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| 裏面の説明 | The numeral IIII in large, bold Roman characters occupies the central field, denoting the face value of four Pfennig. The denomination is enclosed within a wreath of stylized laurel or olive branches, which encircles the entire inner field. The design is simple and utilitarian, consistent with small-denomination emergency or circulation coinage of the early Thirty Years' War period. |
| 裏面の文字体系 | Latin |
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| 縁 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 鋳造所 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 鋳造数 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 追加情報 |
These copper 4 Pfennig pieces were emergency small change issued as the Kipper- und Wipperzeit — the "clipping and see-sawing" crisis — reached its most destructive phase across the German states. Unscrupulous mint operators and territorial rulers had systematically debased silver coinage since around 1618, creating a vacuum of trustworthy small denomination currency. Bavaria and dozens of other territories flooded circulation with base-metal substitutes to fill it.
Maximilian I had only been elevated to Elector in 1623, so these were struck while he still held ducal title alone — a distinction that matters for establishing the precise political moment of issue.