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4 Heller
| Uitgever | Aachen, Free imperial city of |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1614-1616 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | A spread imperial eagle with wings displayed occupies the central field, its body flanked by elements of the date. The eagle, rendered in the bold relief typical of early seventeenth-century German municipal coinage, faces forward with talons extended and tail feathers fanning downward. A dotted inner border frames the design, with a circular Latin legend running around the periphery invoking divine protection. |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Schrift keerzijde | Latin |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Log in om details te zien |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
Aachen's right to mint copper small change was a persistent source of friction with the Holy Roman Emperor, who viewed municipal coinage authority as a privilege to be policed rather than granted freely. These 4 Heller pieces fall within a period when the city's mixed Protestant-Catholic population was generating the kind of civic tension that would eventually lead to Imperial intervention in 1616, forcing the re-catholicization of Aachen's city council. The multiple Krumphholz references reflect distinct die variants across the three-year run rather than separate issues.