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4 Heller
| Issuer | Aachen, Free imperial city of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1614-1616 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | A spread imperial eagle with wings displayed occupies the central field, its body flanked by elements of the date. The eagle, rendered in the bold relief typical of early seventeenth-century German municipal coinage, faces forward with talons extended and tail feathers fanning downward. A dotted inner border frames the design, with a circular Latin legend running around the periphery invoking divine protection. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Aachen's right to mint copper small change was a persistent source of friction with the Holy Roman Emperor, who viewed municipal coinage authority as a privilege to be policed rather than granted freely. These 4 Heller pieces fall within a period when the city's mixed Protestant-Catholic population was generating the kind of civic tension that would eventually lead to Imperial intervention in 1616, forcing the re-catholicization of Aachen's city council. The multiple Krumphholz references reflect distinct die variants across the three-year run rather than separate issues.