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32 rati - Muhammad Shah
| Issuer | Jaunpur, Sultanate of |
|---|---|
| Year | 861-863 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Reverse field entirely occupied by a multi-line Arabic religious legend in Naskh script, filling the flan from rim to rim without border or ornamental device. The inscription invokes the Abbasid Caliph as Commander of the Faithful and calls for the perpetuity of his caliphate, a formula standard on Jaunpur Sultanate billon issues affirming Sunni legitimacy. The strike is moderately weak with slight flatness at the upper margin, and the surfaces display the characteristic dark patina of billon alloy. The die workmanship reflects the regional epigraphic coinage tradition of the eastern Gangetic plain in the mid-fifteenth century AH. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
The Jaunpur Sultanate occupied a politically volatile stretch of the mid-fifteenth century, wedged between the Delhi Sultanate and the rising power of the Sharqi dynasty's own ambitions in the eastern Gangetic plain. Muhammad Shah ruled during a period of near-constant military pressure, and the billon coinage of this reign reflects the fiscal strain — the debased silver content of surviving pieces varies noticeably, suggesting irregular bullion supply rather than deliberate policy shifts.
The 32 rati weight standard derives from the traditional Indian ratti seed measure, with 32 ratti approximating the masa unit used across north Indian minting practice of the period.