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| 正面描述 | Within a beaded inner circle, the rampant Brunswick lion faces left, rendered in a vigorous, somewhat crude hammered style typical of Kipper-period emergency coinage. The beast is depicted with characteristic curled tail and mane, its body filling the inner field. A peripheral legend in Latin characters surrounds the inner circle. The overall strike is irregular, as expected of this wartime issue. |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | A crowned nimbate imperial double-headed eagle occupies the central field, its wings spread in heraldic display. On the eagle's breast, an orb bears the denomination numeral '3', identifying this as a 3 Kreuzer piece. A partial legend citing the ruler's name and titles — FRED(ericus) II D(ei) G(ratia) — runs around the periphery, though the inscription is partially legible due to the irregular hammered flan and off-center strike characteristic of Kipper coinage. |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Frederick Ulrich's 3 Kreuzer belongs to the Kipper und Wipper crisis of 1619–1623, arguably the most catastrophic currency debasement in German history before the twentieth century. Territorial mints across the Holy Roman Empire — Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel among them — raced to produce debased small coinage, exchanging it for full-weight silver before neighboring states could react. The profit motive was explicit: mint lessees paid the duke for the right to operate and pocketed the difference between face value and bullion cost.
Frederick Ulrich himself was a weak ruler, and the Kipper operation at his mints was largely driven by financial officials rather than ducal initiative. The crisis collapsed when too many states simultaneously refused the coins.