3 Flitter - Frederick Ulrich Kipper

The Kipper und Wipper crisis of 1619–1622 was one of the most destructive monetary collapses in early modern German history. Mints across the fragmented Holy Roman Empire — Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel among them — raced to debase coinage, clipping good silver coins and restruck the metal into overvalued small denominations. Frederick Ulrich, a weak and frequently manipulated duke, presided over a mint operation that was essentially legalized fraud. This copper 3 Flitter is a direct artifact of that collapse — issued at a face value that bore no honest relationship to its metal content.