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3 Flitter - Frederick Ulrich Kipper
| Issuer | Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Principality of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1621 |
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| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The denomination expressed as the value inscription 'III FLIT / TER' arranged in three lines within a beaded inner circle, occupying the entire reverse field. The lettering is boldly rendered in the crude, roughly engraved style typical of Kipper-period emergency coinage. A small mark or letter appears at the base of the inscription below the final line. The coin is enclosed by a plain outer beaded border consistent with the obverse. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
The Kipper und Wipper crisis of 1619–1622 was one of the most destructive monetary collapses in early modern German history. Mints across the fragmented Holy Roman Empire — Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel among them — raced to debase coinage, clipping good silver coins and restruck the metal into overvalued small denominations. Frederick Ulrich, a weak and frequently manipulated duke, presided over a mint operation that was essentially legalized fraud. This copper 3 Flitter is a direct artifact of that collapse — issued at a face value that bore no honest relationship to its metal content.