25 Céntimos Calafell

Calafell is a small coastal municipality in Tarragona province, and like hundreds of Catalan and Spanish towns during the Civil War, it issued its own fractional emergency paper when Republican-zone silver and copper coinage effectively vanished from circulation after 1936. The Generalitat de Catalunya authorized local councils to fill the gap, producing a chaotic but documented proliferation of municipal paper — Turró catalogues over a thousand such issues from Catalonia alone.

Arts Gràfiques Barnadas in nearby El Vendrell handled several of these municipal commissions. The only anti-counterfeiting measure was a hand-applied official stamp — a single mark separating legal tender from waste paper in a town of a few thousand people.