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2 Mun Jeon, Hoard

Issuer Joseon (1392-1897)
Year 1742-1752
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Technique Cast
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Obverse script Chinese (traditional, regular script)
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Reverse description Central square perforation flanked by two characters in traditional Chinese regular script arranged vertically around the hole: the mint mark 全 (Jeon, denoting the Cholla Military Fort, 全羅兵營) positioned above the square hole, and the series character 蔵 (Chang, meaning 'hoard') positioned below. The field is otherwise plain, enclosed within a raised inner rim and a broad outer rim. The two characters together identify both the issuing mint and the specific emission series of this 2 Mun issue.
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The 2 Mun coins of this decade were produced under a decentralized minting system in which dozens of government offices, military bureaus, and provincial agencies each operated their own furnaces — a deliberate policy intended to flood the economy with enough copper cash to displace the barter and cloth-currency habits that had persisted in rural Korea for centuries. The result was chronic inconsistency in alloy quality and striking pressure across issuing authorities, which is precisely why hoard finds remain the most reliable source for type attribution.

Hoard context here matters: coins withdrawn from circulation together tend to share a narrow issue window, helping pin the KM#1062 and 1070 variants to specific casting bureaus within the otherwise sprawling Yeongjo-era production run.

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