2 Karshapana - Bhumimitra

The Panchala kingdom, centered on the upper Gangetic plain around modern Bareilly and Budaun, persisted as a regional power well into the post-Mauryan period, issuing copper coinage under a succession of rulers whose names survive almost exclusively through their coins. Bhumimitra is known from no textual source — the name exists because the coin does.

The karshapana weight standard traces back to the pre-Mauryan punch-marked tradition, though by this period cast and die-struck copper had largely displaced the older bent-bar silver types in everyday exchange.