2 Escudos - Carlos II

Historical Context: The 2 Escudos coin of Carlos II from Peru, dated 1696-1701, marks the final period of Spanish Habsburg rule. Carlos II, "El Hechizado," presided over a weakening empire, yet Peru's gold output remained vital. These issues highlight Spain's reliance on its American colonies and the economic pressures preceding the War of the Spanish Succession, making them significant artifacts of a pivotal imperial transition.

Artistry: This coin exemplifies the "cob" (macuquina) style prevalent in colonial minting. Engravers at the Lima mint focused on functional, rather than intricate, design for rapid production. The obverse typically features a crowned shield of arms (Castile and León), often with the mint mark and assayer's initial. The reverse displays a cross potent, usually the Jerusalem cross, flanked by castles and lions. This utilitarian aesthetic prioritizes essential heraldic elements over refined detail, characteristic of the period's output.

Technical/Grading: Cob issues are characterized by irregular planchets and often off-center, uneven strikes. Key elements for assessing strike and wear include the crown and central motifs of the shield, and the core of the reverse cross. Full strikes are rare, and legibility of the date, mint mark, and assayer's initial is highly prized. Despite their inherent crudeness, well-preserved examples with discernible details are sought after, reflecting their historical significance and unique manufacturing process.