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12 Kreuzer - Frederick Ulrich Kipper
| Uitgever | Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Principality of |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1620-1621 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | 12 Kreuzers (0.1) |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Latin |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Crowned double-headed imperial eagle displayed, with spread wings, facing outward. A circular orb inscribed with the denomination '12' is placed on the eagle's breast. The imperial crown surmounts the eagle above, and a continuous Latin legend naming Emperor Ferdinand II runs around the periphery within a beaded border. |
| Schrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Log in om details te zien |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
Frederick Ulrich's 12 Kreuzer belongs to the Kipperzeit — the "tipper and see-saw time" of 1619–1623, when German mints across the Empire engaged in a coordinated debasement race, each authority clipping silver content and passing debased coin into neighboring territories before the inevitable collapse. Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was no innocent bystander. Frederick Ulrich operated multiple emergency mints during this period, flooding regional circulation with underweight Kipper coinage while accepting full-weight coin in tax payments.
The monetary crash of 1623 wiped out savings across the Protestant north. This piece dates from near the peak of the crisis.