11/2 Falus - Shams al Din Muzaffar Shah III

Historical Context: This 1 1/2 Falus copper coin was issued by Shams al Din Muzaffar Shah III during his tumultuous reign from 1560 to 1574, marking the final chapter of the independent Gujarat Sultanate. His rule was characterized by internal power struggles among the nobility and relentless pressure from the expanding Mughal Empire under Akbar. This coinage represents the last vestiges of a once-powerful regional kingdom before its ultimate absorption into the Mughal dominion, serving as vital currency for daily commerce amidst political instability.

Artistry: Consistent with Islamic numismatic traditions, the artistry of this falus is primarily epigraphic, featuring elegant Arabic or Persian calligraphy. While specific engravers remain anonymous, the stylistic school emphasizes clarity and legibility of the ruler's name and titles, often accompanied by the mint and date. The design typically avoids figurative representations in adherence to aniconic principles, focusing instead on the aesthetic beauty and religious significance of the script itself, rendered with varying degrees of skill.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a copper flan weighing 14.18 grams and measuring 19.2 millimeters, this coin's technical qualities can vary significantly. High-points for preservation assessment include the raised elements of the calligraphic legends, particularly the central portions and any surrounding borders. A premium example would exhibit a full, centered strike with complete legends and minimal weakness on the periphery. Common issues may include irregular flan shapes, off-center strikes, and areas of weak impression due to the striking process.