10 Yuan Pattern, Inauguration of Hongxian Emperor, copper

Yuan Shikai's Hongxian reign lasted 83 days before collapsing under the weight of military revolt and almost universal political opposition. These pattern pieces were struck in anticipation of a new imperial coinage that never entered production — the dynasty was abolished in March 1916 before any circulation issue could be authorized. Copper examples like this one were almost certainly produced as presentation or trial strikes rather than for any serious monetary planning.

Kann's supplementary cross-reference designation signals a piece documented after the main catalog's compilation, suggesting even the foundational reference literature struggled to account for all surviving Hongxian pattern variants.