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10 Yuan Pattern, Inauguration of Hongxian Emperor, copper

Issuer Republic of China
Year 1916
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Diameter 21 mm
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Obverse description Left-facing draped bust of Yuan Shikai in military uniform, rendered in high relief with finely engraved detail. The subject wears an epaulette-adorned tunic bearing multiple stars indicative of his imperial rank, with a small decorative element visible at the lower truncation. The portrait is executed in a Western academic style consistent with the work of engraver Luigi Giorgi, with careful attention to facial features including a distinctive moustache and closely cropped hair. The bust is set against a smooth field, enclosed by a beaded inner border running the full circumference of the coin.
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Reverse script Chinese
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Additional information

Yuan Shikai's Hongxian reign lasted 83 days before collapsing under the weight of military revolt and almost universal political opposition. These pattern pieces were struck in anticipation of a new imperial coinage that never entered production — the dynasty was abolished in March 1916 before any circulation issue could be authorized. Copper examples like this one were almost certainly produced as presentation or trial strikes rather than for any serious monetary planning.

Kann's supplementary cross-reference designation signals a piece documented after the main catalog's compilation, suggesting even the foundational reference literature struggled to account for all surviving Hongxian pattern variants.

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