10 Kwacha

Pick 31 belongs to the second kwacha series, introduced as Zambia's economy was deteriorating sharply under the weight of copper price collapses and IMF structural adjustment conditions. By the late 1980s, inflation was running well above 100% annually, and the 10 Kwacha — a meaningful denomination when first issued — was losing practical value faster than new stock could enter circulation.

The Nkhoma/Bussiere signature combination places this note firmly in the 1989–1991 window. Governor signing conventions at Bank of Zambia during this period sometimes produced short-lived pairings, making specific signature combinations more date-diagnostic than the printed year range suggests.