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| Issuer | Bank of Zambia |
|---|---|
| Year | 1989-1991 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Kwacha (1968-2012) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Size | Log in to see details |
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| Printer | Log in to see details |
| Designer(s) | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Intaglio portrait of President Kenneth Kaunda at right, rendered in grey tones against a multicolour geometric underprint dominated by a large stylised letter Z in blue and gold with traditional Zambian motifs. A vignette of the Zambian fish eagle in flight occupies the lower left, alongside the national coat of arms at bottom centre. Denomination numerals K10 appear in blue at upper left and in red at lower right within the ornate guilloche border. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
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| Protection type | Watermark |
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| Comments |
Pick 31 belongs to the second kwacha series, introduced as Zambia's economy was deteriorating sharply under the weight of copper price collapses and IMF structural adjustment conditions. By the late 1980s, inflation was running well above 100% annually, and the 10 Kwacha — a meaningful denomination when first issued — was losing practical value faster than new stock could enter circulation.
The Nkhoma/Bussiere signature combination places this note firmly in the 1989–1991 window. Governor signing conventions at Bank of Zambia during this period sometimes produced short-lived pairings, making specific signature combinations more date-diagnostic than the printed year range suggests.