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10 Kreuzers - Charles Theodore Konventionskreuzer
| Issuer | Palatinate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1785-1794 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Crowned oval coat of arms displaying the quartered arms of Palatinate-Bavaria, set within a wreath composed of a laurel branch on the left and a palm branch on the right. The denomination numeral 10 appears in the exergue below the shield, flanked by the date year. The legend AD NORMAM CONVENTIONIS encircles the upper field, referencing the Bavarian Convention standard. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Charles Theodore inherited the Palatinate electorate in 1742 and then, unexpectedly, Bavaria in 1777 following the extinction of the Bavarian Wittelsbach line — a dynastic accident that triggered the War of the Bavarian Succession against Prussia. The Konventionskreuzer designation places this issue within the Convention monetary system established by the 1753 Munich treaty between Austria and Bavaria, standardizing silver coinage across much of southern Germany at 10 Gulden to the Cologne mark. Charles Theodore's dual role as Elector of both territories made his mint output administratively complicated, with Palatinate and Bavarian issues running in parallel for years.