1 Uncia Series I: kerykeia

Vetulonia was among the Etruscan cities that issued bronze coinage in the late third century BC, a period when Rome's catastrophic defeat at Lake Trasimene in 217 BC forced a broad reassessment of monetary systems across the Italian peninsula. Whether Vetulonian issues like this one circulated in direct response to that disruption or reflected pre-existing local minting tradition remains debated. The kerykeia series is distinguished within Vecchi's classification by its caduceus device, used as a series marker rather than a design element.