1 Toman Gold - Mozaffar ad-Din Qajar

Mozaffar ad-Din Shah inherited a treasury guttered by his father Naser al-Din's decades of concession-selling, and his own reign accelerated the pattern — most notoriously with the 1901 D'Arcy oil concession. Gold coinage of this period circulated largely among the merchant class and foreign creditors rather than in everyday trade, the silver kran doing the real work of commerce.

The KM#Pn23 designation with variant notation suggests this piece sits outside confirmed regular issue — likely a pattern or trial strike, possibly connected to the persistent mint reforms Iran attempted through the 1890s under Belgian technical advisors.