1 Takvorin - Constantine III

Constantine III ruled Cilician Armenia during its death spiral — the Mamluk sultanate was methodically dismantling what remained of the kingdom, and Sis, the capital, would fall definitively in 1375, barely a decade after his reign ended. Silver coinage continued to be struck through these years less as an act of economic confidence than of institutional habit, the mint functioning even as the territorial base it served contracted around it.

The takvorin itself derived from the French *tournois*, introduced into Armenian monetary practice through the kingdom's long commercial entanglement with the Crusader states and Latin merchants of the eastern Mediterranean.