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1 Takvorin - Constantine III
| Issuer | Cilician Armenia |
|---|---|
| Year | 1344-1363 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | King Constantine III depicted on horseback in right profile, mounted on a walking horse rendered in a stylized manner characteristic of Armenian medieval coinage. The royal equestrian figure is shown in regal attire, occupying the central field of the flan. A beaded inner border frames the central device, with Armenian legend distributed around the periphery. The overall composition reflects the late Cilician Armenian hammered coin tradition, with bold, if somewhat crude, die work typical of the mid-fourteenth century. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Constantine III ruled Cilician Armenia during its death spiral — the Mamluk sultanate was methodically dismantling what remained of the kingdom, and Sis, the capital, would fall definitively in 1375, barely a decade after his reign ended. Silver coinage continued to be struck through these years less as an act of economic confidence than of institutional habit, the mint functioning even as the territorial base it served contracted around it.
The takvorin itself derived from the French *tournois*, introduced into Armenian monetary practice through the kingdom's long commercial entanglement with the Crusader states and Latin merchants of the eastern Mediterranean.