1 Sesino - Filippo Maria Visconti

Filippo Maria Visconti came to power in 1412 by having his brother Giovanni Maria — whose cruelties had made him genuinely despised — assassinated, then spent the next three decades methodically reassembling the Visconti dominions that had fractured after his father Gian Galeazzo's death in 1402. The sesino was the workhorse denomination of Lombard daily commerce throughout his reign, struck in billon as silver supplies fluctuated with the constant costs of condottiere warfare.

Filippo Maria died in 1447 without a legitimate male heir, ending the Visconti line and triggering the Ambrosian Republic's brief, chaotic interlude before Francesco Sforza seized Milan in 1450.