1 Semis Wheel / Anchor, six spokes

Historical Context: The issuance of this Semis bronze, dated 240-225 BC, places it within a critical period of Etruscan history, marked by increasing Roman hegemony post-First Punic War. While many Etruscan cities were Roman allies, continued minting of heavy *aes grave* by 'uncertain' local authorities underscores persistent economic autonomy. The substantial 74.51g weight and 51mm diameter are characteristic of the weighty bronze standard prevalent in central Italy, serving local commerce and provisioning during the region's transition to Roman integration.

Artistry: Typical of early Etruscan *aes grave*, this Semis lacks engraver signatures. The artistry reflects a robust, functional aesthetic, distinct from refined Hellenistic styles. The obverse wheel, with its six distinct spokes, is a potent symbol of civic authority or the deity Tinia. The reverse anchor, an emblem of maritime trade or stability, suggests the issuing authority's economic orientation. The execution, though bold and schematic, effectively conveys its symbolic meaning, embodying an indigenous Etruscan numismatic tradition.

Technical/Grading: For grading, critical examination focuses on device definition and integrity. On the obverse, clarity and full separation of all six wheel spokes and the central hub are paramount. For the reverse, distinctness of the anchor's flukes, stock, and shank are key indicators. *Aes grave* striking quality varies; a well-centered strike with minimal planchet flaws and complete motif impression significantly enhances appeal. Wear typically manifests on the highest points of the wheel's rim/spokes and anchor's extremities.