1 Rupee - Shah Alam II Jhansi Mint

Shah Alam II spent much of his reign as a political prisoner of his own empire, controlled successively by the Marathas, the Rohillas, and ultimately the British after Patparganj in 1803. The Jhansi mint operated under Maratha authority during this period, striking rupees in the Mughal nominal style — with the emperor's name — while real power sat elsewhere entirely. This fiction of Mughal suzerainty suited the Marathas, who gained legitimacy from the coinage without surrendering any actual control.