1 Rupee - Aurangzeb Alamgir

Aurangzeb's rupees struck at Madras present a documentary puzzle: the Madras Presidency mint was an English East India Company operation, yet it produced Mughal-type coinage in the emperor's name as a commercial necessity. English merchants required coins acceptable in Mughal markets, and Aurangzeb's administration periodically scrutinized foreign mints issuing in his name — the Company walked a careful line between commercial pragmatism and imperial tolerance. The date range spans the final sixteen years of his reign, the longest of any Mughal emperor at nearly fifty years total.