1 Rupee - Ali Gauhar Poona mint

Historical Context: This 1 Rupee coin, struck in silver at the Poona mint, represents the complex political landscape of 18th-century India. Issued in the name of the Mughal Emperor Ali Gauhar (Shah Alam II, r. 1759-1806), it was de facto produced by the powerful Maratha Empire under the Peshwas from their capital, Poona. The coin’s date, AH 1180 (1766-1767 CE), falls within a period of Maratha ascendancy, demonstrating their control over key territories and mints, while maintaining nominal allegiance to weakening Mughal authority.

Artistry: The design adheres to established Mughal numismatic tradition, featuring elegant Persian Nastaliq script. While no specific engraver is recorded, the stylistic school is distinctly Indo-Mughal. The obverse typically bears the couplet of Shah Alam II, "Sikka Mubarak Badshah Ghazi Shah Alam" (Auspicious coin of the Victorious Emperor Shah Alam). The reverse displays the mint name 'Poona', regnal year, and Hijri date. The calligraphy, though sometimes crude due to local minting, aimed for the sophisticated aesthetic prevalent across the subcontinent.

Technical/Grading: Weighing 11.30 grams and measuring 23 millimeters, this silver rupee conforms to standard specifications. Technical strike quality varies considerably; examples often exhibit irregular flans, off-center strikes, or areas of weakness, particularly towards the edges, due to manual striking. Key high-points for grading include the clarity and completeness of the mint name and date, as well as the central portions of the emperor's couplet. Strong strikes with full legends are highly prized, showcasing intricate calligraphic detail.