1 Pfenning - Ernest August

Historical Context: The 1 Pfenning of 1694 was issued under Ernest August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Calenberg. Having secured the Electorate of Hanover in 1692, though full recognition was still pending, Ernest August was a pivotal figure in European dynastic politics, fathering George I of Great Britain. This copper denomination served as essential small change within his growing territories, reflecting the economic needs of a principality consolidating its power and influence within the Holy Roman Empire during the late 17th century.

Artistry: The design of this Pfenning, typical for low-denomination coinage of the era, adheres to a functional Late Baroque aesthetic. While the specific engraver is unlikely recorded for such a common issue, the mint at Clausthal or Zellerfeld would have employed skilled die-cutters. The obverse likely features a crowned monogram of Ernest August (EA) or a simple titulature, while the reverse displays the denomination "1 PFENNING" and the date, often accompanied by a mintmark. Simplicity and clarity were prioritized over elaborate ornamentation.

Technical/Grading: As a copper issue, the 1694 Pfenning often exhibits characteristics common to its metal and production methods. High-points susceptible to wear typically include the crown details on the obverse monogram and the raised numerals of the denomination. Strike quality can vary significantly; weak strikes are common, particularly on the periphery, leading to incomplete legends. Planchet imperfections, such as laminations or irregular shapes, are also frequently observed, impacting overall eye appeal and contributing to lower average grades.