1 Pfennig - John Frederick I

John Frederick ruled Württemberg from 1608 until his death in 1628, a reign consumed almost entirely by the opening catastrophe of the Thirty Years' War. The duchy was occupied, plundered, and bled by successive armies — Imperial, Spanish, and eventually Swedish — leaving the ducal treasury in chronic disarray. Small silver pfennig issues of this period frequently show crude, hasty workmanship consistent with interrupted or emergency minting conditions rather than any systematic production failure.