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1 Pfennig - John Frederick I

Issuer Württemberg, Duchy of
Year 1608-1628
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Value 1 Pfennig (1⁄240)
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Obverse description A hunting horn rendered in relief occupies the central field, with the ducal initials I, F, and H superimposed upon and around the horn's body — I to the left, F to the upper right, and H below — serving as a monogram for Johann Friedrich Herzog (Duke John Frederick). The design is contained within a beaded border. The overall style is characteristic of small hammered coinage of the early seventeenth-century German states, with no surrounding legend.
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John Frederick ruled Württemberg from 1608 until his death in 1628, a reign consumed almost entirely by the opening catastrophe of the Thirty Years' War. The duchy was occupied, plundered, and bled by successive armies — Imperial, Spanish, and eventually Swedish — leaving the ducal treasury in chronic disarray. Small silver pfennig issues of this period frequently show crude, hasty workmanship consistent with interrupted or emergency minting conditions rather than any systematic production failure.

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