1 Pfennig - Frederick II Hagenau

Frederick II was physically present at Hagenau more than any other imperial residence during the early decades of his reign, using it as a primary administrative base while consolidating power against the Welf faction. The bracteate pfennigs struck there under his authority circulated within a tight regional economy — Alsatian markets, ecclesiastical dues, local toll payments — rarely traveling far from the Rhine plain. Nessel's classification of this type remains the standard reference for Alsatian bracteates, though die attribution within the series is complicated by the absence of mint signatures on coins of this weight class.