1 Pfennig - Bernhard von Spanheim

Bernhard von Spanheim ruled Carinthia for over five decades, an unusually long tenure that produced a relatively consistent coinage compared to the fractured output of neighboring duchies. The Spanheim dynasty had held Carinthia since 1122, and by Bernhard's reign the family's minting rights were well-established across several Carinthian workshops. These thin silver pfennigs — bracteate-adjacent in their fabric though struck on both faces — were the workhorse denomination of Alpine trade, circulating into Styria and Friuli along the same routes that carried salt and iron.