1 Pfennig - Bernhard III of Oesede

Bernhard III held the see of Paderborn during a period of acute political turbulence in the Westphalian episcopate, navigating the ongoing contest between Hohenstaufen imperial authority and the territorial ambitions of the Welfen dukes. Episcopal coinage of this period frequently shifted in weight and fineness as minting rights were exercised, contested, or delegated — often simultaneously — across multiple ecclesiastical mints in the region. The Hävernick reference places this squarely within a well-documented but sparsely surviving bracteate-adjacent tradition.