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1 Pfennig
| Issuer | City of Northeim (German States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1664-1676 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse of this small hammered billon Pfennig is uniface or bears only a plain, unstruck surface, as was typical for minor coinage of this denomination and period from the German states. The irregular flan shows the natural texture of the hammered metal with no deliberate design elements. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Northeim's billon pfennigs of this period were municipal emergency issues, struck because the fragmented coinage system of the Holy Roman Empire left small-denomination copper chronically undersupplied in provincial towns. The city exercised its minting rights — a privilege increasingly jealously guarded as imperial monetary reforms through the 1660s threatened to consolidate small-coin production away from local authorities.
The Mertens reference grouping under 103ff indicates multiple die variants across the twelve-year span, not a single unified issue.