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1 Peso
| Issuer | Philippine National Bank, Oriental Misamis Agency (Mindanao) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1942 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse is essentially plain, with the note's text bleeding through the thin wartime paper in mirror image. A simple repeated-unit decorative border frames the blank field, and overprinted letterpress text reading ONE PESO and Circulation appears in reverse orientation at centre, consistent with the rudimentary printing methods employed for this emergency issue. |
| Reverse lettering | ONE PESO Circulation |
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| Comments |
Philippine National Bank emergency currency issued by regional agencies during the Japanese occupation is among the most historically charged paper in Philippine numismatics. When Japanese forces swept through Mindanao in 1942, the Manila-controlled banking system collapsed almost overnight, and branch offices in provinces like Oriental Misamis were left to improvise — issuing locally authorized notes to prevent complete economic paralysis in areas still under Filipino or guerrilla-aligned administration.
Three signatures on a single provincial emergency note is unusual and reflects the ad hoc authorization structure: no single official had uncontested local authority, so multiple signatories provided a crude check on legitimacy. Ubeld D. Laya, Antonio Jem Yecapia, and Capito Lires appear on no other widely documented Philippine currency.