1 Peseta Palmera

Palmera is a tiny municipality in Valencia province, and like hundreds of Spanish towns during the Civil War, its local council issued emergency fractional currency when Republican-zone coinage vanished almost entirely from circulation in 1936–37. The Consejo Municipal had no banking infrastructure — these notes were authorized locally, printed on whatever stock was available, and accepted only within the immediate community.

The thick card construction was a deliberate choice against counterfeiting and wear, though at this scale of circulation neither was a serious threat. Survival rate is high relative to use, simply because so few ever changed hands far from where they were made.