1 Penny - Edward III 4th coinage, Treaty period
| Issuer | England (United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1361-1369 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 1 Penny (1⁄240) |
| Currency | Pound sterling (1158-1970) |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 1.10 g |
| Diameter | 18 mm |
| Thickness | 0.6 mm |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Sp#1625 , North#1265 |
| Obverse description | Crowned facing bust of King Edward III, legend around |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin (uncial) |
| Obverse lettering |
`EDWARD ANGL R DNS HB (Translation: Edward King of England. Lord of Ireland) |
| Reverse description | Long cross pattée with trefoil of pellets in angles |
| Reverse script | Latin (uncial) |
| Reverse lettering |
CIVITAS LONDON (Translation: City of London) |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (1361-1369) - mm. Cross potent (5) French title Omitted - |
| Numisquare ID | 1543784830 |
| Additional information |
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Historical Context: This 1 Penny coin originates from Edward III's fourth coinage, struck during the Treaty period (1361-1369). This era followed the 1360 Treaty of Brétigny, a significant, albeit temporary, peace agreement amidst the Hundred Years' War. Edward III, a formidable monarch, oversaw considerable monetary reforms. This coinage reflects a period of relative stability, aiming to maintain a consistent currency standard crucial for trade and military financing during ongoing political complexities.
Artistry: The artistry adheres to the established English Gothic numismatic tradition. While individual engravers remain anonymous, the design reflects the standardized output of the Royal Mint, primarily London. The obverse features a facing, crowned bust of Edward III, typical regal portraiture, encircled by the king's name and title. The reverse displays a long cross pattee extending to the edge, with three pellets in each quarter, an iconic design element for English silver pennies since Henry III.
Technical/Grading: As a hammered silver coin, this Edward III Penny often exhibits characteristic medieval irregularities. High-points susceptible to wear or weakness include the king's crown, facial features, and the central points of the cross and pellets. Collectors frequently encounter examples with off-center strikes, irregular flan shapes, and varying strike pressure. Silver purity was generally high, though planchet quality could vary, typical for the period's production methods.