1 Penny - Edward I Sterling type, class 3f

Class 3f sits at a precise juncture in Edward I's systematic overhaul of English coinage following the Recoinage of 1279, one of the most administratively ambitious monetary reforms of medieval England. The crown had inherited a debased, clipped, and widely counterfeited currency; the new sterling pennies were struck to exacting weight standards enforced by severe penalties, including — for the most egregious offenders — execution. Provincial mints at Canterbury, Durham, and Bury St Edmunds operated alongside London during this phase, and attribution of 3f pennies to specific mint towns remains a matter of ongoing specialist debate.