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1 Penny - Edward I Sterling type, class 3f
| Issuer | English Monarchy |
|---|---|
| Year | 1280-1281 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Facing crowned bust of King Edward I rendered in the stylised medieval hammered tradition, set within a beaded inner circle. The king's crown features three visible fleurs-de-lis, and the face is depicted with schematic features typical of late 13th-century English coinage. A double-barred neck ornament or collar is visible beneath the chin. The surrounding field bears the continuous Latin legend identifying the monarch and his titles, separated by a beaded border from the outer edge of the flan. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Latin (uncial) |
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| Additional information |
Class 3f sits at a precise juncture in Edward I's systematic overhaul of English coinage following the Recoinage of 1279, one of the most administratively ambitious monetary reforms of medieval England. The crown had inherited a debased, clipped, and widely counterfeited currency; the new sterling pennies were struck to exacting weight standards enforced by severe penalties, including — for the most egregious offenders — execution. Provincial mints at Canterbury, Durham, and Bury St Edmunds operated alongside London during this phase, and attribution of 3f pennies to specific mint towns remains a matter of ongoing specialist debate.