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1 Penning - Philip II Garden
| Issuer | Holland, County of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1573-1579 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Denier (Penning) (1⁄320) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Large Gothic capital letter P surmounted by a royal crown occupies the central field, with the date divided to either side of the letter's lower stem. The peripheral legend runs continuously around the coin in Latin, identifying Philip II as king of Spain and count of Holland. The strike is characteristic of hammered coinage, resulting in a somewhat irregular flan with uneven relief. The crowned P monogram serves as the principal device denoting the issuing sovereign, Philip II of Spain. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Holland's copper penning issues of the 1570s were struck against the backdrop of the early Revolt against Spanish Habsburg rule — Philip II's administration in the Low Countries was simultaneously trying to suppress open rebellion and maintain functional local coinage. The "Garden" penning takes its informal name from the enclosed garden device used on the type, a common heraldic shorthand in the period. These were workhorse pieces, produced across multiple years and die combinations, which accounts for the a/b variant designation in the Gietman-Hengst reference.
The 1576 Pacification of Ghent briefly unified rebel and loyalist provinces, complicating attribution of coins struck in this window to either "Spanish" or "rebel" Holland.