1 Penning - Harthacnut Cross and crescents

Đơn vị phát hành Denmark
Năm 1035-1042
Loại Standard circulation coin
Mệnh giá 1 Penning
Tiền tệ Penning (-1513)
Chất liệu Silver
Trọng lượng 0.8 g
Đường kính
Độ dày
Hình dạng Round (irregular)
Kỹ thuật Hammered
Hướng
Nghệ nhân khắc
Lưu hành đến
Tài liệu tham khảo Hauberg Danmark#21
Mô tả mặt trước Armored bust left. Legend begins lower left.
Chữ viết mặt trước Latin
Chữ khắc mặt trước ✠ NARDECNVT
Mô tả mặt sau Short simple cross with crescent with pellet tips and a small dot in each corner in inner circle.
Chữ viết mặt sau Latin
Chữ khắc mặt sau ✠ ARENGRIM ON ORBC
Cạnh
Xưởng đúc
Số lượng đúc ND (1035-1042) - ARENGRIM (or variant)
ND (1035-1042) - Unknown moneyer
ID Numisquare 2797137852
Thông tin bổ sung

Historical Context: This 1 Penning coin was issued during the tumultuous reign of Harthacnut (Hardeknud), son of Cnut the Great, who ruled Denmark from 1035. Following his father's death, Harthacnut faced challenges in securing his vast North Sea Empire, initially governing Denmark while Harald Harefoot held England. This coinage represents Harthacnut's established authority in Denmark before he eventually secured the English throne in 1040, marking a critical transition for the Anglo-Danish realm.

Artistry: The design strongly reflects the dominant Anglo-Saxon numismatic tradition. Specific engravers remain anonymous; the stylistic school is clearly derivative of English prototypes. The obverse features a crude, often diademed or helmeted, bust of the king. The reverse showcases the distinctive "Cross and Crescents" type (Hauberg 21): a short cross with crescentic ornaments in the angles, adapted from English designs, surrounded by often blundered legends.

Technical/Grading: As a silver penning (0.8g), this issue is typically struck on a thin, irregular flan. Key high-points for wear include the king's facial features, diadem, and the cross's center and crescent tips. Well-preserved examples exhibit a full strike, clear (if blundered) legends, and minimal flan damage. Off-center strikes, weak legends, and minor planchet cracks are common, reflecting medieval minting challenges.

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