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1 Mun Ho, Flood
| Issuer | Kingdom of Joseon |
|---|---|
| Year | 1852 |
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| Currency | Kingdom of Joseon - Mun (1633-1892) |
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| Obverse description | Round cast copper coin featuring a central square perforation surrounded by an inner square rim. Four Chinese characters are arranged in cruciform fashion around the central hole, reading clockwise from the top: 常 (right), 寶 (bottom), 通 (left), 平 (top), forming the legend Sangpyong Tongbo (常平通寶), the standard currency inscription of the Joseon dynasty. The flat field displays typical cast texture consistent with traditional East Asian cash coin production. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | 常 寶 通 平 |
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| Additional information |
The "Ho, Flood" designation refers to the casting bureau responsible for this issue — the Heunggijeon, one of several government offices authorized to strike cash coins during the mid-Joseon period as chronic copper shortages forced the court to decentralize minting across military offices, royal households, and provincial bureaus. By 1852, so many agencies held casting rights that controlling quality and supply had become nearly impossible, a problem that would plague the dynasty until the coinage reforms of the 1880s.