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| 正面描述 | A deeply struck square incuse dominates the field, within which a four-petalled sandalwood flower motif is rendered in bold relief, each petal forming a raised triangular facet radiating from a central point. The geometric design is highly stylized, consistent with the punch-die technique characteristic of early Sumatran gold coinage. The surrounding field is plain and slightly irregular, reflecting the hand-struck nature of the flan. No legend or inscription is present. |
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| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | The reverse bears an incuse punch mark, the exact design of which remains undescribed for this rare and unusual denomination. The type is known from find spots in South Sumatra and is attributed on archaeological and metallurgical grounds to the Srivijaya period (c. 680–1250 CE). This piece represents an atypical denomination equivalent to 1½ kupang or 3/8 massa within the gold currency system of the region. No inscription or identifying legend is present. |
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| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
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| 附加信息 |
Srivijaya's gold kupang issues remain among the least-documented coinage of the medieval maritime world, a direct consequence of the empire's administrative reliance on perishable materials — palm-leaf manuscripts, trade ledgers written in ink — rather than stone inscriptions that might have preserved mint records. The empire controlled the Strait of Malacca at its peak, and these small gold pieces circulated across a trade network reaching coastal India, Tang and Song dynasty China, and the Malay peninsula.
Attribution to Srivijaya itself is contested in the literature; some scholars assign comparable fractional gold pieces to tributary ports rather than a central issuing authority at Palembang.