1 Kupang - Kamalat Shah

Kamalat Shah ruled Aceh from 1688 to 1699 as the fourth and last of the sultanate's female rulers — a succession of queens that Dutch and British traders found deeply inconvenient to their diplomatic protocols, which required formal dealings with male sovereigns. Her reign ended under direct pressure from the Sharif of Mecca, who issued a fatwa declaring female rule illegitimate under Islamic law. This tiny gold kupang, struck in the final year of her reign, was among the last coins issued before the ulama-backed intervention forced her removal.